Flows into ESG (environmental, social and governance) ETFs remain strong, although they have slowed so far this year relative to the very high levels seen in previous years.
With the 2023 TrackInsights Global ETF Survey suggesting 30% of investors are looking to increase their exposure to ESG ETFs in the next two-to-three years, further positive inflows into ESG ETF strategies can be expected. However, the evidence suggests that the ESG ETF landscape may be changing, with important implications for investors and asset managers alike.
Active ESG ETFs stand to gain in popularity
One of the most significant developments in the ETF industry in recent years has been the emergence of active management. Overall demand for active ETFs has risen from virtually nothing five years ago to year-to-date flows of nearly USD 7 billion (a 5% market share) by October 2023.
The emergence of active strategies is having a particularly large impact in the ESG ETF space. There has been a fall in demand for indexed ESG ETF strategies, which accounted for 23% of the total flows into UCITS ETFs in October 2023, down from a 49% share over the last 12 months. At the same time, the Trackinsights survey has revealed that 68% of ETF buyers are currently using active strategies when considering ESG factors, with 28% only using active funds and 40% using active in combination with passive ETFs.
As more investors come to see the benefits of active management when targeting sustainable outcomes or when looking to include ESG considerations in their portfolios, demand for active ETFs could be set to grow further. Active managers have the ability to research companies and issuers to get a complete picture of their attitude to a range of ESG factors, compared to the more blunt, exclusions-based approach taken by index providers.
Active stewardship, which allows managers to engage with companies and issuers on ESG issues, is also considered an advantage for active ESG ETFs by respondents to the Trackinsights survey, with 45% of ETF buyers considering the stewardship policy of an ESG provider as extremely or very important, while 60% regard active engagement as important when considering ESG factors.
Fixed income on the march
Since ESG ETFs began to appear on the scene, equity strategies have dominated flows. In 2023, equity ESG ETFs have again recorded positive inflows, with global equity and US equity ESG funds proving most popular to the end of October. However, there has also been healthy demand for fixed income ESG ETFs this year. As of the end of October, fixed income ETF flows had reached USD 54 billion year to date, with fixed income ESG ETFs responsible for USD 8 billion of these flows. By comparison, equity ESG ETFs received flows of USD 25 billion.
This rise in demand for fixed income ETFs comes as investors have looked to increase their bond allocations to capitalise on more attractive yields, with some of the flows into the asset class being directed to fixed income ESG strategies. Concerns remain over the reliability of fixed income ESG data and the application of ESG analysis in security selection. However, as the Trackinsights survey suggests, active ETFs—when backed by rigorous ESG research and disciplined portfolio construction—can help to address some of the main challenges identified by respondents, including the consistency and transparency of ESG analysis.
The investment grade credit and developed government bond categories have been responsible for the bulk of all fixed income ESG ETF flows. Interestingly, there has been little demand for emerging market debt ESG strategies despite attractive yields and the fact that a number of emerging market central banks have been ahead of the curve on interest rates. Specific worries over emerging market ESG data quality and few available strategies may explain this lack of interest, while emerging market debt exposure can also be achieved as part of diversified fixed income ESG portfolios.
Overall, however, demand for fixed income ESG ETFs is likely to remain strong, with two thirds of TrackInsights survey respondents saying that fixed income ETFs can provide a good way to invest sustainably.
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