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Employee Benefit Research Institute & J. P. Morgan Asset Management Research Collaboration

The first holistic view of household SPENDING & SAVINGS from observed behaviors

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Research from a collaboration of the Employee Benefit Research Institute and J.P. Morgan Asset Management is the first to use a unique set of data on actual spending and savings behavior to provide a holistic financial view of U.S. households. In the inaugural report, the first in a series, we focus on retirement savings. Why do some people save more than others, even when they have equivalent income?

Despite having similar salaries, the middle 50% of our research population save about 3% more of their salary at all ages than the bottom 25% of savers. For the first time, we can point to specific categories of spending that are constraining the ability to save more. Low savers generally spend more as a percent of salary on housing, transportation and food and beverage, and less on travel.

We hope our important new research will be useful for policymakers, plan sponsors and plan providers as they look to facilitate better retirement outcomes.

Despite having similar salaries, middle savers save about 3% more of their salary at all ages than lower savers, and end up with meaningfully higher 401(k) account balances
 

Source: 2016 anonymized EBRI, EBRI/ICI Participant-Directed Retirement Plan Data Collection and JPMorgan Chase data. A population of 22 million Chase households and 27 million 401(k) plan participant records were isolated to identify an overlapping population of 1.4 million households. Households with employer plan balances of $100 or less, total spending less than 50% of salary or likelihood of more than one earner were removed to ensure a complete picture of saving/spending.

Insights to Action

J.P. Morgan Asset Management's Insights to Action series analyzes the findings of this joint research to offer actionable insights that plan sponsors, plan providers and policymakers can use to make better decisions.
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How integrated plan design and financial wellness programs can improve retirement outcomes

Learn More
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How portfolio diversification and prudent risk management can improve retirement outcomes

Learn More

Disclosures

This inaugural report was produced through a collaboration between J.P. Morgan Asset Management and the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI), a Washington, D.C.-based organization committed exclusively to public policy research and education on economic security and employee benefit issues. This “Insights to Action” series was produced by J.P. Morgan Asset Management (JPMAM) alone and includes JPMAM’s view only.

In an ongoing collaborative effort, the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) and the Investment Company Institute (ICI) maintain the EBRI/ICI Participant-Directed Retirement Plan Data Collection Project, which is the largest, most representative repository of information about individual 401(k) plan participant accounts. ICI is the leading association representing regulated funds globally, including mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), closed-end funds, and unit investment trusts (UITs) in the United States, and similar funds offered to investors in jurisdictions worldwide. While this paper uses data from the EBRI/ICI database, ICI did not participate in the research collaboration between EBRI and J.P. Morgan Asset Management and was not involved in the writing of this paper.

EBRI is not affiliated with JPMorgan Chase & Co. or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries.

DATA PRIVACY: We have a number of security protocols in place which are designed to ensure all customer data are kept confidential and secure. We use reasonable physical, electronic and procedural safeguards that are designed to comply with federal standards to protect and limit access to personal information. There are several key controls and policies in place which are designed to ensure customer data are safe, secure and anonymous: (1) Before J.P. Morgan Asset Management (JPMAM) receives the data, all selected data is highly aggregated and all unique identifiable information, including names, account numbers, addresses, dates of birth and Social Security numbers, is removed. (2) JPMAM has put privacy protocols for its researchers in place. Researchers are obligated to use the data solely for approved research and are obligated not to re-identify any individual represented in the data. (3) JPMAM does not allow the publication of any information about an individual or entity. Any data point included in any publication based on customer data may only reflect aggregate information. (4) The data are stored on a secure server and can be accessed only under strict security procedures. Researchers are not permitted to export the data outside of JPMorgan Chase’s (JPMC) systems. The system complies with all JPMC Information Technology Risk Management requirements for the monitoring and security of data. (5) JPMAM provides valuable insights to policymakers, businesses and financial professionals, but these insights cannot come at the expense of consumer privacy. We take every precaution to ensure the confidence and security of our account holders’ private information.

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